Palo Alto Networks NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps - Outros (2025)

Prévia do material em texto

Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success1 / 11Exam : NetSec-GeneralistTitle :https://www.passcert.com/NetSec-Generalist.htmlPalo Alto Networks NetworkSecurity GeneralistDownload Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success2 / 111.When a firewall acts as an application-level gateway (ALG), what does it require in order to establish aconnection?A. PinholeB. Dynamic IP and Port (DIPP)C. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)D. PayloadAnswer: AExplanation:When a firewall functions as an Application-Level Gateway (ALG), it intercepts, inspects, and dynamicallymanages traffic at the application layer of the OSI model. The primary role of an ALG is to provide deeppacket inspection (DPI), address translation, and protocol compliance enforcement.To establish a connection successfully, an ALG requires a pinhole—a temporary, dynamically created rulethat allows the firewall to permit the return traffic necessary for specific applications (e.g., VoIP, FTP, andSIP-based traffic). These pinholes are essential because many applications dynamically negotiate portnumbers, making static firewall rules ineffective.For example, when a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) application initiates a connection, the firewalldynamically opens a pinhole to allow the SIP media stream (RTP) to pass through while maintainingsecurity controls. Once the session ends, the pinhole is closed to prevent unauthorized access.Reference to Firewall Deployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – ALGs are commonly deployed in enterprise network firewalls to manageapplication-specific connections securely.Security Policies – Firewalls use ALG security policies to allow or block dynamically negotiatedconnections.VPN Configurations – Some VPNs rely on ALGs for handling complex applications requiring NATtraversal.Threat Prevention – ALGs help detect and prevent application-layer threats by inspecting traffic content.WildFire – Not directly related, but deep inspection features like WildFire can work alongside ALG toinspect payloads for malware.Panorama – Used for centralized policy management, including ALG-based policies.Zero Trust Architectures – ALG enhances Zero Trust by ensuring only explicitly allowed application trafficis permitted through temporary pinholes.Thus, the correct answer is A. Pinhole because it enables a firewall to establish application-layerconnections securely while enforcing dynamic traffic filtering.2.Which action is only taken during slow path in the NGFW policy?A. Session lookupB. SSUTLS decryptionC. Layer 2-Layer 4 firewall processingD. Security policy lookupAnswer: BExplanation:In Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW), packet processing is categorized into the fastpath (also known as the accelerated path) and the slow path (also known as deep inspection processing).The slow path is responsible for handling operations that require deep content inspection and policyDownload Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success3 / 11enforcement beyond standard Layer 2-4 packet forwarding.Slow Path Processing and SSL/TLS DecryptionSSL/TLS decryption is performed only during the slow path because it involves computationally intensivetasks such as:Intercepting encrypted traffic and performing man-in-the-middle (MITM) decryption.Extracting the SSL handshake and certificate details for security inspection.Inspecting decrypted payloads for threats, malicious content, and compliance with security policies.Re-encrypting the traffic before forwarding it to the intended destination.This process is critical in environments where encrypted threats can bypass traditional security inspectionmechanisms. However, it significantly impacts firewall performance, making it a slow path action.Other Answer Choices Analysis(A) Session Lookup – This occurs in the fast path as part of session establishment before any deeperinspection. It checks whether an incoming packet belongs to an existing session.(C) Layer 2–Layer 4 Firewall Processing – These are stateless or stateful filtering actions (e.g., accesscontrol, NAT, and basic connection tracking), handled in the fast path.(D) Security Policy Lookup – This is also in the fast path, where the firewall determines whether to allow,deny, or perform further inspection based on the defined security policy rules.Reference and Justification:Firewall Deployment – SSL/TLS decryption is part of the firewall’s deep packet inspection and Zero Trustenforcement strategies.Security Policies – NGFWs use SSL decryption to enforce security policies, ensuring compliance andblocking encrypted threats.VPN Configurations – SSL VPNs and IPsec VPNs also undergo decryption processing in specific securityenforcement zones.Threat Prevention – Palo Alto’s Threat Prevention engine analyzes decrypted traffic for malware, C2(Command-and-Control) connections, and exploit attempts.WildFire – Inspects decrypted traffic for zero-day malware and sandboxing analysis.Panorama – Provides centralized logging and policy enforcement for SSL decryption events.Zero Trust Architectures – Decryption is a crucial Zero Trust principle, ensuring encrypted traffic is notblindly trusted.Thus, SSL/TLS decryption is the correct answer as it is performed exclusively in the slow path of Palo AltoNetworks NGFWs.3.Which Security profile should be queried when investigating logs for upload attempts that were recentlyblocked due to sensitive information leaks?A. Anti-spywareB. Data FilteringC. AntivirusD. URL FilteringAnswer: BExplanation:When investigating logs for upload attempts that were recently blocked due to sensitive information leaks,the appropriate Security Profile to query is Data Filtering.Why Data Filtering?Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success4 / 11Data Filtering is a content inspection security profile within Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewalls(NGFWs) that detects and prevents the unauthorized transmission of sensitive or confidential data. Thissecurity profile is designed to inspect files, text, and patterns in network traffic and block uploads thatmatch predefined data patterns such as:Personally Identifiable Information (PII) – e.g., Social Security Numbers, Credit Card Numbers, PassportNumbersFinancial Data – e.g., Bank Account Numbers, SWIFT CodesHealth Information (HIPAA Compliance) – e.g., Patient Medical RecordsCustom Data Patterns – Organizations can define proprietary data patterns for detectionHow Data Filtering Works in Firewall Logs?Firewall Policy Application – The Data Filtering profile is attached to Security Policies that inspect filetransfers (HTTP, FTP, SMB, SMTP, etc.).Traffic Inspection – The firewall scans the payload for sensitive data patterns before allowing or blockingthe transfer.Alert and Block Actions – If sensitive data is detected in an upload, the firewall can alert, block, orquarantine the file transfer.Log Investigation – Security Administrators can analyze Threat Logs (Monitor > Logs > Data FilteringLogs) to review:File NameDestination IPSource UserMatched Data PatternAction Taken (Allowed/Blocked)Reference to Firewall Deployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – Data Filtering is enforced at the firewall level to prevent sensitive data exfiltration.Security Policies – Configured to enforce Data Filtering rules based on business-critical dataclassifications.VPN Configurations – Ensures encrypted VPN traffic is also subject to data inspection to prevent insiderdata leaks.Threat Prevention – Helps mitigate the risk of data theft, insider threats, and accidental exposure ofsensitive information.WildFire Integration – Data Filtering can work alongside WildFire to inspect files for advanced threats andmalware.Panorama – Provides centralized visibility and management of Data Filtering logs across multiplefirewalls.Zero Trust Architectures – Aligns with Zero Trust principles by enforcing strictcontent inspection andaccess control policies to prevent unauthorized data transfers.Thus, the correct answer is B. Data Filtering, as it directly pertains to preventing and investigating dataleaks in upload attempts blocked by the firewall.4.When using the perfect forward secrecy (PFS) key exchange, how does a firewall behave when SSLInbound Inspection is enabled?A. It acts as meddler-in-the-middle between the client and the internal server.B. It acts transparently between the client and the internal server.Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success5 / 11C. It decrypts inbound and outbound SSH connections.D. It decrypts traffic between the client and the external server.Answer: AExplanation:Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is a cryptographic feature in SSL/TLS key exchange that ensures eachsession uses a unique key that is not derived from previous sessions. This prevents attackers fromdecrypting historical encrypted traffic even if they obtain the server’s private key.When SSL Inbound Inspection is enabled on a Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW), thefirewall decrypts inbound encrypted traffic destined for an internal server to inspect it for threats, malware,or policy violations.Firewall Behavior with PFS and SSL Inbound InspectionMeddler-in-the-Middle (MITM) Role – Since PFS prevents session key reuse, the firewall cannot usestatic keys for decryption. Instead, it must act as a man-in-the-middle (MITM) between the client and theinternal server.Decryption Process –The firewall terminates the SSL session from the external client.It then establishes a new encrypted session between itself and the internal server.This allows the firewall to decrypt, inspect, and then re-encrypt traffic before forwarding it to the server.Security Implications –This approach ensures threat detection and policy enforcement before encrypted traffic reaches criticalinternal servers.However, it breaks end-to-end encryption since the firewall acts as an intermediary.Why Other Options Are Incorrect?B. It acts transparently between the client and the internal server. ❌Incorrect, because SSL Inbound Inspection requires the firewall to actively terminate and re-establish SSLconnections, making it a non-transparent MITM.C. It decrypts inbound and outbound SSH connections. ❌Incorrect, because SSL Inbound Inspection applies only to SSL/TLS traffic, not SSH connections. SSHdecryption requires a different feature (e.g., SSH Proxy).D. It decrypts traffic between the client and the external server. ❌Incorrect, because SSL Inbound Inspection is designed to inspect traffic destined for an internal server,not external connections. SSL Forward Proxy would be used for outbound traffic decryption.Reference to Firewall Deployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – SSL Inbound Inspection is used in enterprise environments to monitor encryptedtraffic heading to internal servers.Security Policies – Decryption policies control which inbound SSL sessions are decrypted.VPN Configurations – PFS is commonly used in IPsec VPNs, ensuring that keys change per session.Threat Prevention – Enables deep inspection of SSL/TLS traffic to detect malware, exploits, and dataleaks.WildFire Integration – Extracts potentially malicious files from encrypted traffic for advanced sandboxingand malware detection.Panorama – Provides centralized management of SSL decryption logs and security policies.Zero Trust Architectures – Ensures encrypted traffic is continuously inspected, aligning with Zero Trustsecurity principles.Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success6 / 11Thus, the correct answer is:✅ A. It acts as meddler-in-the-middle between the client and the internal server.5.What should be reviewed when log forwarding from an NGFW to Strata Logging Service becomesdisconnected?A. Device certificatesB. Decryption profileC. Auth codesD. Software warrantyAnswer: AExplanation:When log forwarding from a Palo Alto Networks NGFW to the Strata Logging Service (formerly CortexData Lake) becomes disconnected, the primary aspect to review is device certificates. This is becausethe firewall uses certificates for mutual authentication with the logging service. If these certificates aremissing, expired, or invalid, the firewall will fail to establish a secure connection, preventing logforwarding.Key Reasons Why Device Certificates Are CriticalAuthentication Requirement – The NGFW uses a Palo Alto Networks-issued device certificate forauthentication before it can send logs to the Strata Logging Service.Expiration Issues – If the certificate has expired, the NGFW will be unable to authenticate, causing adisconnection.Misconfiguration or Revocation – If the certificate is not properly installed, revoked, or incorrectlyassigned, the logging service will reject log forwarding attempts.Cloud Trust Relationship – The firewall relies on secure cloud-based authentication, where certificatesvalidate the NGFW’s identity before log ingestion.How to Verify and Fix Certificate IssuesCheck Certificate StatusNavigate to Device > Certificates in the NGFW web interface.Verify the presence of a valid Palo Alto Networks device certificate.Look for expiration dates and renew if necessary.Reinstall CertificatesIf the certificate is missing or invalid, reinstall it by retrieving the correct device certificate from the PaloAlto Networks Customer Support Portal (CSP).Ensure Correct Certificate ChainVerify that the correct root CA certificate is installed and trusted by the firewall.Confirm Connectivity to Strata Logging ServiceEnsure that outbound connections to the logging service are not blocked due to misconfigured securitypolicies, firewalls, or proxies.Other Answer Choices Analysis(B) Decryption Profile – SSL/TLS decryption settings affect traffic inspection but have no impact on logforwarding.(C) Auth Codes – Authentication codes are used during the initial device registration with Strata LoggingService but do not impact ongoing log forwarding.(D) Software Warranty – The firewall’s warranty does not influence log forwarding; however, an activeDownload Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success7 / 11support license is required for continuous access to Strata Logging Service.Reference and Justification:Firewall Deployment – Certificates are fundamental to secure NGFW cloud communication.Security Policies – Proper authentication ensures logs are securely transmitted.Threat Prevention & WildFire – Logging failures could impact threat visibility and WildFire analysis.Panorama – Uses the same authentication mechanisms for centralized logging.Zero Trust Architectures – Requires strict identity verification, including valid certificates.Thus, Device Certificates (A) is the correct answer, as log forwarding depends on a valid, authenticatedcertificate to establish connectivity with Strata Logging Service.6.In Prisma SD-WAN. what is the recommended initial action when VoIP traffic experiences high latencyand packet loss during business hours?A. Configure a new VPN gateway connection.B. Monitor real-time path performance metrics.C. Add new link tags to existing interfaces.D. Disable the most recently created path quality.Answer: BExplanation:VoIP (Voice over IP) traffic is highly sensitive to network conditions, including latency, jitter, and packetloss. In Prisma SD-WAN, maintaining optimal VoIP quality requires dynamic path selection and real-timemonitoring of network conditions.Recommended Initial Action: Monitoring Real-Time Path Performance MetricsWhen VoIP traffic experiences high latency and packet loss during business hours, the first step is toanalyze real-time path performance metrics in Prisma SD-WAN’s monitoring dashboard.Why Real-Time Monitoring is Crucial?Identifies the Affected Links – Prisma SD-WAN continuously monitors path quality metrics for eachavailable WAN link (e.g., MPLS, broadband, LTE).ProvidesInsights on Congestion – Real-time monitoring helps determine whether the issue is caused bycongestion, ISP problems, or packet drops.Aids in Dynamic Path Selection – Prisma SD-WAN can automatically switch to a better-performing pathbased on live telemetry data.Avoids Unnecessary Configuration Changes – Without accurate diagnostics, changing VPN gateways orlink tags may not address the root cause.Why Other Options Are Incorrect?A. Configure a new VPN gateway connection. ❌Incorrect, because the issue is VoIP performance degradation due to latency and packet loss, not a VPNgateway failure.A new VPN connection won’t resolve ongoing traffic congestion in the current SD-WAN path.C. Add new link tags to existing interfaces. ❌Incorrect, because adding new link tags does not immediately resolve latency and packet loss issues.Link tags help classify WAN links for application-aware routing, but the immediate priority is to analyzeperformance metrics first.D. Disable the most recently created path quality. ❌Incorrect, because disabling a path quality profile without understanding the cause could negativelyDownload Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success8 / 11impact failover and traffic steering policies.Instead, monitoring real-time metrics first ensures the right corrective action is taken.Reference to Firewall Deployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – Prisma SD-WAN is deployed alongside Palo Alto firewalls for network security andtraffic steering.Security Policies – Ensures VoIP traffic is prioritized with QoS and traffic shaping policies.VPN Configurations – Uses IPsec tunnels and Dynamic Path Selection (DPS) for optimal WANperformance.Threat Prevention – Detects and mitigates network-based attacks impacting VoIP performance.WildFire Integration – Not directly related but helps detect malicious traffic within VoIP signaling.Panorama – Centralized logging and monitoring of SD-WAN path quality metrics across multiplelocations.Zero Trust Architectures – Enforces identity-based access controls for secure VoIP communications.Thus, the correct answer is:✅ B. Monitor real-time path performance metrics.7.A hospital system allows mobile medical imaging trailers to connect directly to the internal network of itsvarious campuses. The network security team is concerned about this direct connection and wants tobegin implementing a Zero Trust approach in the flat network.Which solution provides cost-effective network segmentation and security enforcement in this scenario?A. Deploy edge firewalls at each campus entry point to monitor and control various traffic types throughdirect connection with the trailers.B. Manually inspect large images like holograms and MRIs, but permit smaller images to pass freelythrough the campus core firewalls.C. Configure separate zones to isolate the imaging trailer's traffic and apply enforcement using theexisting campus core firewalls.D. Configure access control lists on the campus core switches to control and inspect traffic based onimage size, type, and frequency.Answer: CExplanation:In a Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), network segmentation is critical to prevent unauthorized lateralmovement within a flat network. Since the hospital system allows mobile medical imaging trailers toconnect directly to its internal network, this poses a significant security risk, as these trailers mayintroduce malware, vulnerabilities, or unauthorized access to sensitive medical data.The most cost-effective and practical solution in this scenario is:Creating separate security zones for the imaging trailers.Applying access control and inspection policies via the hospital’s existing core firewalls instead ofdeploying new hardware.Implementing strict policy enforcement to ensure that only authorized communication occurs between thetrailers and the hospital’s network.Why Separate Zones with Enforcement is the Best Solution?Network Segmentation for Zero TrustBy placing the medical imaging trailers in their own firewall-enforced zone, they are isolated from the mainhospital network.Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success9 / 11This reduces attack surface and prevents an infected trailer from spreading malware to critical hospitalsystems.Granular security policies ensure only necessary communications occur between zones.Cost-Effective ApproachUses existing core firewalls instead of deploying costly additional edge firewalls at every campus.Reduces complexity by leveraging the current security infrastructure.Visibility & Security EnforcementThe firewall enforces security policies, such as allowing only medical imaging protocols while blockingunauthorized traffic.Integration with Threat Prevention and WildFire ensures that malicious files or traffic anomalies aredetected.Logging and monitoring via Panorama helps the security team track and respond to threats effectively.Other Answer Choices Analysis(A) Deploy edge firewalls at each campus entry pointThis is an expensive approach, requiring multiple hardware firewalls at every hospital location.While effective, it is not the most cost-efficient solution when existing core firewalls can enforce thenecessary segmentation and policies.(B) Manually inspect large images like holograms and MRIs This does not align with Zero Trust principles.Manual inspection is impractical, as it slows down medical workflows.Threats do not depend on image size; malware can be embedded in small and large files alike.(D) Configure access control lists (ACLs) on core switchesACLs are limited in security enforcement, as they operate at Layer 3/4 and do not provide deep inspection(e.g., malware scanning, user authentication, or Zero Trust enforcement).Firewalls offer application-layer visibility, which ACLs on switches cannot provide.Switches do not log and analyze threats like firewalls do.Reference and Justification:Firewall Deployment – Firewall-enforced network segmentation is a key practice in Zero Trust.Security Policies – Granular policies ensure medical imaging traffic is controlled and monitored.VPN Configurations – If remote trailers are involved, secure VPN access can be enforced within thezones.Threat Prevention & WildFire – Firewalls can scan imaging files (e.g., DICOM images) for malware.Panorama – Centralized visibility into all traffic between hospital zones and trailers.Zero Trust Architectures – This solution follows Zero Trust principles by segmenting untrusted devicesand enforcing least privilege access.Thus, Configuring separate zones (C) is the correct answer, as it provides cost-effective segmentation,Zero Trust enforcement, and security visibility using existing firewall infrastructure.8.How does Panorama improve reporting capabilities of an organization's next-generation firewalldeployment?A. By aggregating and analyzing logs from multiple firewallsB. By automating all Security policy creations for multiple firewallsC. By pushing out all firewall policies from a single physical applianceD. By replacing the need for individual firewall deploymentAnswer: ADownload Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success10 / 11Explanation:Panorama is Palo Alto Networks’ centralized management platform for Next-Generation Firewalls(NGFWs). One of its key functions is to aggregate and analyze logs from multiple firewalls, whichsignificantly enhances reporting and visibility across an organization's security infrastructure.How Panorama Improves Reporting Capabilities:Centralized Log Collection – Panorama collects logs from multiple firewalls, allowing administrators toanalyze security events holistically.Advanced Data Analytics – It provides rich visual reports, dashboards, and event correlation for securitytrends, network traffic, and threat intelligence.Automated Log Forwarding – Logs can be forwarded to SIEM solutions or stored for long-termcompliance auditing.Enhanced Threat Intelligence – Integrated with ThreatPrevention and WildFire, Panorama correlates logsto detect malware, intrusions, and suspicious activity across multiple locations.Why Other Options Are Incorrect?B. By automating all Security policy creations for multiple firewalls. ❌Incorrect, because while Panorama enables centralized policy management, it does not fully automatepolicy creation—administrators must still define and configure policies.C. By pushing out all firewall policies from a single physical appliance. ❌Incorrect, because Panorama is available as a virtual appliance as well, not just a physical one.While it pushes security policies, its primary enhancement to reporting is log aggregation and analysis.D. By replacing the need for individual firewall deployment. ❌Incorrect, because firewalls are still required for traffic enforcement and threat prevention. Panoramadoes not replace firewalls; it centralizes their management and reporting. Reference to FirewallDeployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – Panorama provides centralized log analysis for distributed NGFWs.Security Policies – Supports policy-based logging and compliance reporting.VPN Configurations – Provides visibility into IPsec and GlobalProtect VPN logs.Threat Prevention – Enhances reporting for malware, intrusion attempts, and exploit detection.WildFire Integration – Stores WildFire malware detection logs for forensic analysis.Zero Trust Architectures – Supports log-based risk assessment for Zero Trust implementations.Thus, the correct answer is:✅ A. By aggregating and analyzing logs from multiple firewalls.9.When a user works primarily from a remote location but reports to the corporate office several times amonth, what does GlobalProtect use to determine if the user should connect to an internal gateway?A. ICMP ping to Panorama management interfaceB. User login credentialsC. External host detectionD. Reverse DNS lookup of preconfigured host IPAnswer: CExplanation:GlobalProtect is Palo Alto Networks' VPN and Zero Trust remote access solution. It dynamicallydetermines whether a user should connect to an internal or external gateway based on external hostdetection.Download Valid NetSec-Generalist Exam Dumps for Success11 / 11How External Host Detection Works:Preconfigured External Host Detection –The GlobalProtect agent checks for a predefined trusted external IP address (e.g., the corporate office’spublic IP).Decision Making –If the detected IP matches the trusted external host, the GlobalProtect client assumes the user is insidethe corporate network and does not establish a VPN connection.If the detected IP does not match, GlobalProtect initiates a VPN connection to an external gateway.Improves Performance & Security –Prevents unnecessary VPN connections when users are inside the corporate office.Reduces bandwidth overhead by ensuring only external users connect via VPN.Why Other Options Are Incorrect?A. ICMP ping to Panorama management interface. ❌Incorrect, because GlobalProtect does not use ICMP pings to determine location.Panorama does not play a role in dynamic gateway selection for GlobalProtect.B. User login credentials. ❌Incorrect, because credentials are used for authentication, not for detecting location.Users authenticate regardless of whether they are inside or outside the network.D. Reverse DNS lookup of preconfigured host IP. ❌Incorrect, because Reverse DNS lookups are not used for gateway selection.DNS lookups can be inconsistent and are not a reliable method for internal/external detection.Reference to Firewall Deployment and Security Features:Firewall Deployment – GlobalProtect works with NGFWs to provide secure remote access.Security Policies – Can enforce different security postures based on internal vs. external user location.VPN Configurations – Uses dynamic gateway selection to optimize VPN performance.Threat Prevention – Protects remote users from phishing, malware, and network-based threats.WildFire Integration – Inspects files uploaded/downloaded via VPN for threats.Zero Trust Architectures – Enforces Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) by verifying user identity anddevice security before granting access.Thus, the correct answer is:✅ C. External host detection.10.What will collect device information when a user has authenticated and connected to a GlobalProtectgateway?A. RADIUS AuthenticationB. IP addressC. Host information profile (HIP)D. Session IDAnswer: C